Effects of ketogenic diet on lipid metabolism in children with intractable epilepsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on lipid metabolism in children with intractable epilepsy and the risk of atherosclerosis in children treated with KD assessed by changes in lipid profile.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 47 children with intractable epilepsy from 2013 to 2017 were collected. Blood lipid levels including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), were detected before and 3 months after KD treatment. LDL/HDL ratio, arterial stiffness index (AI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lipid comprehensive index (LCI) were calculated to assess the risk of atherosclerosis.@*RESULTS@#After 3 months of KD treatment, the TG and TC levels were slightly higher than those before treatment, and the HDL levels were slightly lower than those before treatment, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The LDL levels of the children after 3 months of KD treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). After 3 months of KD treatment, the LDL/HDL ratio and AI, AIP and LCI levels of the children were increased compared with those before treatment, but only the increase of the LDL/HDL ratio was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#KD treatment may lead to increase in LDL level and LDL/HDL ratio, suggesting that KD treatment may increase the risk of atherosclerosis.

Clinical features and FKRP mutations of congenital muscular dystrophy 1C / 中国当代儿科杂志

Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1C (MDC1C) is caused by the homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the FKRP gene. This article reported the clinical and mutation features of a child with MDC1C. The boy aged 8 months visited the hospital due to delayed development. As for clinical manifestations, the boy could not turn over or sit stably by himself, and there was a significant reduction in muscle tension; biceps reflex in both upper extremities and patellar tendon reflex and Achilles tendon reflex in both lower extremities could not be induced. The boy also had a stereotyped facial expression and strabismus. Gene detection revealed c.350C>G and c.1303C>T compound heterozygous mutations in the FKRP gene. The c.350C>G mutation came from the mother and had been reported as a pathogenic missense mutation. The c.1303C>T mutation came from the father and was a new missense mutation, and a bioinformatics analysis showed that it might be a pathogenic mutation. The boy was diagnosed with MDC1C with reference to the clinical features of hypotonia and motor developmental delay and FKRP gene mutation sequencing.

Research advances in pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

Both of genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and genetic factors can increase the susceptibility of individuals to environmental risk factors. There are extensive and various structural and functional abnormalities of the brain in patients with ADHD. Given the close functional relationship between brain areas, exploration has also been expanded to the dysfunction of brain network in recent years. As for the biochemical mechanism underlying ADHD, monoamine neurotransmitters are still most valued, and abnormalities of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and glutamic acid/γ-aminobutyric acid imbalance may also be present. Due to the abnormal neuroendocrine function and connectivity between brain areas caused by the synergistic effect of genetic and environmental factors, the prefrontal cortex loses control of the lower brain areas, so that the basal ganglia and amygdala affect normal behavioral and emotional reactions. Dysfunction of the endocrine axes may further aggravate neuroendocrine disorder. The above process may eventually lead to changes in brain structure and function, which may be associated with the development of ADHD. However, considering the heterogeneity of ADHD, its pathological process may not be the same, and the exact mechanism needs to be further clarified.

Effect of glucocorticoid receptor function on the behavior of rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the ideal animal models for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes and the effect of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function on the behavior of ADHD rats by comparing behavioral differences between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 24 male SHRs aged 21 days were randomly divided into GR agonist group, GR inhibitor group, and SHR group, with 8 rats in each group. Eight male WKY rats and 8 male SD rats, also aged 21 days, were enrolled as WKY group and SD group respectively. The GR agonist group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg daily); the GR inhibitor group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of mifepristone (RU486) (54 mg/kg daily); the SHR, WKY, and SD groups were treated with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline (0.5 mL/kg daily). The course of treatment was 14 days for all groups. The open field test and Lat maze test were used to evaluate spontaneous activity and non-selective attention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The open field test showed that before drug intervention the SHR group had significantly higher numbers of line crossings and rearings than the WKY and SD groups (P<0.05); the WKY group had a significantly higher number of line crossings than the SD group (P<0.05); the SD group had a significantly higher number of groomings than the WKY group (P<0.05). After drug intervention, the GR agonist group had significantly lower numbers of line crossings and groomings than the SHR group (P<0.05). The Lat maze test indicated that before drug intervention the SHR group had significantly higher numbers of corner crossings and rearings than the WKY and SD groups (P<0.05); the WKY group had significantly higher numbers of rearings and leanings than the SD group (P<0.05). After drug intervention, the GR agonist group had significantly lower numbers of corner crossings and rearings than the SHR group (P<0.05); the GR inhibitor group had a significantly higher number of rearings than the SHR group (P<0.05); the WKY group had significantly higher numbers of rearings and leanings than the SD group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SHR is an ideal animal model for mixed subtype ADHD, and further studies are needed to determine whether WKY rats can be used as an animal model for attention-deficit subtype ADHD. GR agonist can effectively improve spontaneous activity and non-selective attention in SHRs.</p>

Finding of a NDM-1 carbapenems-producing Leclercia adcarboxglata / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the resistance mechanism of a carbapenems-resistant Leclercia adcarboxglata.Methods The species was identified by the automatic microbial analyzer,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA sequence analysis.The conventional drug susceptibility test was detected with automatic microbial analyzer,and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for imipenem was examined by E-test.The phenotypes of carbapenemase were detected by modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and the genotypes of resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing.The characteristics of the carried plasmid were analyzed by conjugation test and S1pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE).Results The clinical isolates of Leclercia adcarboxglata were resistant to imipenem,other beta-lactam antibiotics(except aztreonam) and aminoglycosides,but sensitive to quinolones and sulfonamides.The conjugation test resulted in a drug-resistance spectrum of the receptor strain E.coli J53 similar to Leclercia adcarboxglata bacteria.The phenotype of carbapenemase was positive.PCR amplification and sequencing analysis showed that blaNDM-1,blaTEM and aac (6')-Ib were detectable in the isolates simultaneously,while the conjugon only carried blaNDM-1.S1-PFGE revealed that Leclercia adcarboxglata carried 3 plasmids.Conclusion The carbapenems resistance of Leclercia adcarboxglata may contribute to carrying blaNDM-1 gene which may exist in an around 100 kb plasmid transmitted with conjugation.

Death caused by ST19 Klebsiella oxytoca with wcaG virulence gene in leukemic patient / 中国人兽共患病学报

We investigated the cause of a leukemia patient induced by infect in a strain of Klebsiella oxytoca with hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotype.Identification and drug susceptibility of the isolate were carried out with VITEK-2 compact system.HMV phenotype was detected by string-test.The major high virulence capsular serotypes (K1,K2,K5,K20,K54 and K57) and virulence factors (rmpA,wcaG,allS,kfu,aerobactin,fimH,uge,wabG and cf29a) were detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing.Molecular typing was performed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results showed that the isolates of blood and lung tissue were Klebsiella oxytoca belonged to ST 19,which were sensitive to the antibiotics used in test,expressing the HMV phenotype.The virulence gene wcaG was found,while other virulence genes and the major high virulence capsular serotypes were negative.It indicates that ST19 Klebsiella oxytoca with wcaG virulence gene is the main reason causing leukemic patient death.

Effects of early environment on emotional development and motor coordination ability of rats / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objeaive To explore the effects of the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis on emotional development and motor coordination ability by studying the influences of early environment on long-term behaviors of developing rats.Methods Forty-five neonatal rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the enriched environment group (EE group),the isolated environment group (IE group) and the normal environment group (NE group),with 15 cases in each group.There were 15 rats nurtured separately in EE group,IE group or NE group.The rat motor coordination abilities were tested by straight walking test on postnatal day 28 (P28) and the emotional behaviors were evaluated by handling test at P29.The levels of serum corticosterone(CORT) of rats were detected by using emission immunology method.The morphology of neural cells in rat brain was examined by adopting HE staining.Results In the straight walking test,the motor coordination abilities of rats in EE group ＞ NE group ＞ IE group(F =49.30,P ＜ 0.000).In the handing test,the scores of reaction for stressful stimuli and painful stimuli in IE group were (1.14 ± 0.36,1.93 ±0.83) ＜ (1.47 ±0.64,2.60 ±0.91) in NE group ＜ (2.07 ±0.73,3.43 ±0.65) in IE group (all P ＜ 0.01).The base serum CORT levels were (32.56 ± 9.05) μg/L in EE group ＞ (24.96 ± 6.19) μg/L in NE group ＞ (15.53 ± 6.78) μg/L in IE group (F =19.71,P ＜ 0.001).After a lower-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test,the concentration of CORT was (18.24 ± 5.53) μg/L in EE group ＜ (21.71 ± 6.05) μg/L in NE group ＜ (28.09 ±6.51) μg/L in IE group (F=10.25,P ＜0.000).The HE staining showed the number of neural cells in striaturn and amygdale of rats were[(72.80 ±6.81) cell/HP,(73.53 ±6.14) cell/HP] in EE group ＞ [(65.67 ± 8.98) cell/HP,(61.47 ±6.57) cell/HP] in NE group ＞ [(53.33 ± 6.84) cell/HP,(48.13 ± 6.53) cell/HP] in IE group (all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Early environment can affect emotional reaction,motor behavior and brain development of immature rats by regulating HPA axis function.Early isolation environment can lead to HPA axis dysfunction,which can make nerve cell damage and emotion and motor coordination ability dysfunction.On the contrary,early enriched environment can moderate the hyperactivity of HPA axis after stress and promote brain development and ameliorate long-term behavioral development.

Effects of early environment on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor and brain development / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of early environment on the learning-memory ability of rats and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), and to explore the influence of early environment on development of rat brain in developing stage and possible regulation mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (15 rats in each group): enriched environment group (EE group), isolated environment group (IE group) and normal control group (NC group). The pups were nurtured separately in their groups. The learning-memory abilities of the rats were measured by "Y"-arm maze test 28 to 29 days after birth. The number of neural cells and the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampal CA3 and frontal lobe were were detected by Nissl's staining and immunohistochemistry respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of the "Y"-arm maze test showed that rats in the EE group needed less training times, and retained a higher percentage of memory than the other two groups(P<0.01). Rats in the IE group needed more training times, and retained a lower percentage of memory than the NC group (P<0.01). By Nissl's staining, the numbers of neural cells in the hippocampal CA3 and frontal lobe were highest in the EE group followed by the NC group. They were lowest in the IE group (P<0.01). By immunohistochemistry, the expression of BDNF in the hippocampal CA3 and frontal lobe were highest in the EE group followed by the NC group. It was lowest in the IE group (P<0.01). Results were similar for expression of TrkB.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early environment can affect the long-term brain development and brain function of rats by influencing the expression of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the hippocampus and frontal lobe.</p>

Correlation between interleukin-28B genetic polymorphisms and primary hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-28B (IL-28B) gene and the susceptibility to primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 300 histologically confirmed HCC cases (from November 2001 to April 2010) and 310 healthy controls with no history of chronic hepatitis B or hepatocellular carcinoma (2009-2010) were selected from a hospital in Guilin and a hospital in Beijing for this case-control study.139 HCC patients in the case group had complete clinical tracking data. All the subjects were Han Chinese, with no age or gender restrictions.2 ml peripheral blood samples were drawn from each subject with informed consent. SNP of rs12972991, rs4803223, rs8099917 and rs12979860 four loci in IL-28B gene were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequencies of C allele at rs12972991, G allele at rs8099917 and G allele at rs4803223 were 6.7% (40/598), 7.9% (47/598) and 10.0% (59/588) respectively in case group; all higher than the corresponding frequencies in control group, separately 2.9% (18/618), 4.1% (25/616) and 3.6% (21/608). The differences were statistically significant (χ2=9.542, 7.858, 20.736, P values all<0.05). The above alleles could increase the risk of HCC, and the OR (95%CI) values were separately 1.67 (1.13-2.46), 1.49 (1.08-2.06) and 2.91 (1.79-4.72). The genotype frequencies of AC+CC at rs12972991, GT+GG at rs8099917, GA+GG at rs4803223 were 13.0% (39/299), 14.7% (44/299) and 19.0% (56/296) respectively in case group; while the frequencies were lower in control group, separately 5.8% (18/309), 8.1% (25/308) and 6.6% (20/304). The differences were statistically significant (χ2=9.319, 6.557, 20.948, P values all<0.05). These genotypes may increase the risk of HCC, and the adjusted OR (95%CI) values were 2.24 (1.31-3.83), 1.81 (1.14-2.88) and 2.90 (1.78-4.70), respectively. The stratified analysis of the clinical data indicated that the frequency of genotype GA+GG at rs4803223 was 50.0% (13/26) in patients of tumor thrombosis in portal vein (TTPV), higher than the frequency of genotype AA (21.1%, 23/109). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.965, P=0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggested that IL-28B gene polymorphisms was correlated to the susceptibility to HCC in Chinese Han ethnic population. Among them, GA + GG genotype at rs4803223 could increase the risk of TTPV in HCC patients.</p>

Effects of early enriched environment on long-term behavior development and serum corticosterone level in rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of early enriched environment on behavioral development and serum corticosterone level in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five neonatal rats were randomly assigned into three groups：blank control, enriched environment and isolated environment. The open-field environment test and the Lat maze test were performed to assess anxiety/irritability-related behaviors of the rats on postnatal day 31. The level of serum corticosterone was measured by radioimmunology assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of serum corticosterone in the enriched environment group (8±3 ng/mL) was significantly lower than the blank control (11±4 ng/mL) and the isolated groups (22±4 ng/mL) (P<0.01). The open-field environment test showed that the numbers of passing panels, keeping an erect posture and grooming were less than those in the blank control and the isolated groups (P<0.05). According to the results of the Lat maze test, the frequencies of running across the corner, keeping an erect posture and leaning against the wall in the enriched environment group were less than those in the blank control and the isolated groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early enriched environment can decrease serum corticosterone level and thus alleviates anxiety and irritability in rats. It may play an important role in the improvement of brain development.</p>

A multicenter controlled study on aripiprazole treatment for children with Tourette syndrome in China / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of children with Tourette syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A prospective, multi-center, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 195 children aged 5-17 years with Tourette syndrome. The patients were assigned to two groups: aripiprazole group (n=98) and tiapride group (n=97), with the treatment dosage of 5-25 mg/d and 100-500 mg/d, respectively. After 12 weeks treatment, the clinical efficacy was assessed by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) score, and adverse reactions were observed by side effects symptoms scale, blood biochemical indexes, and electrocardiography.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Significant pre- and post-treatment differences were ascertained for motor tic, phonic tic, function damage and total scores of YGTSS in the both groups from the second week of treatment (P<0.0001). Compared with the tiapride group, the aripiprazole group showed a more significantly decreased function damage score of YGTSS by the second week of treatment (P<0.05). After 12 weeks treatment, total scores of YGTSS in the aripiprazole group decreased from 53.74±15.71 at baseline to 24.36±16.38, while in the tiapride group from 51.66±13.63 to 23.26±15.31. The mean reduction scores of YGTSS were 29.38 in the aripiprazole group and 28.40 in the tiapride group at the end of treatment, and the clinical response rates were 60.21% and 63.92%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was similar in the aripiprazole and tiapride groups, with 29.6% and 27.8% respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between aripiprazole and tiapride groups and no severe adverse events were found in either group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed that aripiprazole showed similar therapeutic effect to tiapride in treatment of children with Tourette syndrome. Aripiprazole was safe and well tolerated in Chinese population, and can be considered as a new valid option for the treatment of tic disorders.</p>

Effects of nerve growth factor on neural cells in the epileptiform discharge region of the hippocampus in children with intractable epilepsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the astrocytes and neurons in the epileptiform discharge region of the hippocampus in children with intractable epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acutely dissociated cells from the epileptiform discharge region of the hippocampus were exposed to blank control group and NGF treatment groups (NGF concentrations: 12.5, 50 and 100 ng/mL). Astrocytes and neurons were identified by bisbenzimide staining combined with the specific makers such as GFAP and MAP2. The total number of neural cells was counted under an inversion fluorescence microscope. The percentage of immunostaining positive cells was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 4 hrs of culture, the percentages of GFAP+ astrocytes and MAP2+ neurons in the NGF treatment groups were higher than those in the blank control group, and increased with increasing NGF concentration (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NGF may have protective effects on GFAP+ astrocytes and MAP2+ neurons in the injured hippocampus of children with epilepsy.</p>

A control study of aripiprazole and tiapride treatment for tic disorders in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of tic disorder when tiapride is used as a control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-five children aged 6-14 years old with tic disorders were randomly assigned to two groups: aripiprazole (2.5-10 mg/d) and tiapride treatment (25- 400 mg/d). After 12 weeks treatment, the clinical efficacy was assessed by the Yale Global Tie Severity Scale (YGTSS) score and the adverse reactions were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The YGTSS score in both groups decreased from the second week of treatment. Compared with the tiapride treatment group, the aripirazole treatment group showed a more decreased YGTSS score (29+/-13)% vs (16+/-14)%; P<0.01 by the second week of treatment. The overall effective rate in the aripiprazole and tiapride treatment groups was 91% and 84%, respectively (P>0.05) 12 weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between the aripiprazole and tiapride treatment groups and no severe adverse events were found in either group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Low dose aripiprazole is safe and effective for treatment of tic disorders in children, suggesting that it represents a new valid option for the treatment of tic disorder.</p>

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on synaptic ultrastructure and synaptophysin expression in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on synaptic ultrastructure and the synaptophysin expression (p38) in hippocampal CA3 after hypoxia-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat model of HIBD was made by the method of Bjelke and divided randomly into two groups (n = 10)--HIBD group and HBO-treated HIBD group. Another 20 rats underwent sham-operation and were also divided randomly into HBO-treated control group and the control group. After 24 h of the operation, the rats of the HBO-treated groups received HBO (2ATA, 1 h/d) for 14 days. When rats were 4 weeks old, the learning-memory ability of rats in every group was evaluated through water-maze test. Their hippocampal ultrastructure was observed with electron microscope and the p38 expression was detected immunohistochemically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group [(10.6 +/- 3.4) times], the water-maze learning ability of the rats in HIBD group [(15.5 +/- 4.9) times] was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while the learning-memory ability of the HBO-treated HIBD group [(11.3 +/- 2.6) times] was significantly improved. There was no significant difference in the water-maze test between the HBO-treated HIBD group and the control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the ultrastructure of pyramidal neuron of hippocampal CA3 was distorted in HIBD group under the electron microscope. Compared with that in HBO-treated HIBD group (0.77 +/- 0.17, 0.67 +/- 0.16, 0.46 +/- 0.13, 0.86 +/- 0.14) and the control group (0.82 +/- 0.16, 0.70 +/- 0.16, 0.53 +/- 0.15, 0.91 +/- 0.17), the corrected optical densities (COD) of immunoreactive products of the hippocampal CA3 p38 were significantly decreased in HIBD group (0.41 +/- 0.19, 0.21 +/- 0.11, 0.08 +/- 0.03, 0.38 +/- 0.16) (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in either ultrastructure or immunohistochemically reactive COD of p38 between the HBO-treated HIBD group and the control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Underlying the induction of synaptic plasticity and reducing the ultrastructural damage may be involved in the mechanism of HBO in the brain rehabilitation in perinatal brain damage with hypoxia-ischemia.</p>

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on intrauterine hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The application and the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the effects of HBO on brain functional outcome and possible repair mechanisms in neonatal rats with intrauterine HIBD in aspects of the number of survived neurons and the central nervous electrophysiological conduction velocity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of intrauterine HIBD was prepared. Subjects were divided into four groups at random: HIBD, HBO-treated HIBD group, normal control and HBO-treated normal control. After 24 hrs of the operation, the two HBO-treated groups received HBO treatment (0.02 MPa, 1 hr/d) for 14 days. When the rats were 4 weeks old, the electrophysiological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) were observed by brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) for assessing brain function. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Nissl's stainting were employed to observe the pathological change and the number of neurons in the hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The peak latency of waves II and IV and the interpeak latency of waves I-IV in the HBO-treated HIBD group were shortened compared with those in the untreated HIBD group (P< 0.05). HE staining displayed that the pathological injuries in the hippocampus were alleviated in the HBO-treated HIBD group when compared with the untreated HIBD group. Nissl,s staining showed that survived neurons in the HBO-treated HIBD group were more than the untreated HIBD group (P< 0.05). The HBO-treated control group showed increased survived neurons compared with the untreated control group (P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early HBO treatment might improve brain functional outcome through increasing synaptic transmission efficiency, improving central nervous electrophysiological conduction velocity and reducing neuron death in neonatal rats with intrauterine HIBD.</p>

Effects of hypoxia-ischemia on different neural cells in subventricular zone of human fetus / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) on different neural cells and their survival in subventricular zone (SVZ) of human fetus in mid trimester of pregnancy and thus to explore the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage on the cellular level.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Acutely dissociated SVZ cells, prepared from five fetuses of human embryos aborted voluntarily at 17 to 22 weeks of gestational age, were cultured for a short time separately under HI (HI group) and normal condition (control group). HI injury was simulated by oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and the dead cells were counted by staining with Trypan blue. The injury was evaluated by the survival rate before culturing. After culturing, all of the neural cells of SVZ, including neural stem cells (NSCs), neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitors and microglia cells were recognized separately by their special marker nestin, microtubule associated proteins 2 (MAP2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha) and ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120) with immunofluorescence cytochemistry. At the same time, all cell nuclei were stained with bisbenzimide. The percentages of SVZ cells were calculated and compared between HI and control groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The survival rate of HI SVZ cells, (63.41 +/- 0.06) percent, was much lower than that of control (98.9 +/- 0.01) percent (P < 0.001). The result indicated that SVZ cells were damaged obviously by HI. After culturing shortly the highest proportion of cells in HI group was astrocytes (56.48 +/- 0.03) percent, followed by NSCs (22.47 +/- 0.03) percent, and the lowest was oligodendrocyte progenitors. But in control group, the neurons accounted for (48.81 +/- 0.03) percent and astrocytes (32.31 +/- 0.03) percent, while the lowest was microglia cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There were NSCs, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitors and microglial cells in SVZ of mid trimester of pregnancy. They were sensitive to HI and their survival rates were different: the NSCs and astrocytes showed higher survival rate than neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors.</p>

Effects of Early Intervention on Growth Associated Protein-43 and Neuron Cells Apoptosis in Brain of Neonatal Rats / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the effects of early interventions on growth associated protein-43(GAP-43) and neuron apoptosis in brain of neonatal rats.Methods According to matched-pairs design,30 rats from the same materal rats were divided into two groups:intervention group and control group randomly.The intervention group received the neonatal handling for 14 d and then were kept in an enriched environment for another 14 d.The expression of GAP-43 and the number of neurons apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining respectively in forehead cortex and hippocampus of rats.The brain functional outcomes of rats were evaluated by water-maze test.Results In prefrontal cortex and hippocampus,the level of GAP-43 immuno-positive response in intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group(P

Relationship between Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Infants / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the relationship among idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP),human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection,and immunological function in infants.Methods HCMV-Ab were tested by ELISA;HCMV DNA were tested by PCR for the case groups (n=54) and the controls(n=30).At the same time,T cell subgroups were tested by direct IF staining for the case groups.Results In the case group,the positive infants of HCMV Ab and HCMV-DNA were more than those in the controls(P